FILTERS AND BIASES

Posting here to make it easy to link to these terms when I need to: 

Filters Against Folly: How to Survive despite Economists, Ecologists and the Merely Eloquent by Garrett Hardin.  In his review of this book, Carl Bajama writes: 

We need lay defenses to protect ourselves against the assumptions (conscious and unconscious), the biases, the prejudices and ignorance of experts so that we can evaluate the claims of experts as we citizens try to identify the most appropriate course of action. Hardin contends that the greatest folly citizens can commit when confronted with expert testimony is to accept expert statements uncritically. The statement that “The authority of a scholar is measured by how long he/she can delay progress in his/her field” applies equally to experts in engineering and government as well as in science and theology.

The 12 cognitive biases that prevent you from being rational by George Dvorsky.

Here's a list: 

Confirmation BiasIngroup BiasGambler's FallacyPost-Purchase RationalizationNeglecting ProbabilityObservational Selection BiasStatus-Quo BiasNegativity BiasBandwagon EffectProjection BiasThe Current Moment BiasAnchoring Effect

As a supplement to Dvorsky's negativity bias, I add  Happiness is a glass half empty, Oliver Burkman's article on positivity bias